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King Kashta

King of Kush. Conquered Thebes ~760 BCE and founded a Kushite dynasty that ruled Egypt for almos a century. Successors consolidated Kushite authority in Upper Egypt, claimed Pharaoh title, and eventually extended rule to Nile delta and beyond

Akhenaten

Pahraoh Amenhotep IV (reigned 1353-1335 BCE) changed his name in honor of preferred deity. Considered Aten the world's "sole god, like whom there is no other." Built new capital: Akhetaten "Horizon of Aten" (modern Tell el-Amarna) Dispatched agents all over Egypt to encourage worship of Aten and discourage Amon-Re. After death, Amon-Re came back in popularity.

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11.

Egyptians - mummified pharaohs

Nubians - didn't mummify

Both - gifts of the Nile, had mutual interest

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Upanishads

"a sitting in front of" -- literal meaning -- refers to practice of disciples gathering before a sage. body of works. began to appear in late Vedic age (~800-400 BCE). Later Upanishads continued to appear until 15th century CE. Often dialogues exploring the Vedas and religious issues raised. Taught that appearances are deceiving. Authors believed individual souls aren't born once, but multiple times--believed souls appear most often in humans but also in animals. Highest goal of individual soul was to escape rebirth and into permanent Brahman union

Brahman

Upanishad-taught. Larger cosmic order formed by each individual person--"universal soul"

eternal, unchanging, permanent foundation for all things that exist

Samsara

doctrine developed by Upanishads. Upon death, individual souls temporarily go to the World of the Fathers and then returns to earth in a new incarnation

Karma

another Upanishads doctrine. Accounts specific incarnations that soulds experience.

"Now as a man is like this or like that, according as he acts and according as he behaves, so will he be: a man of good acts will become good, a man of bad acts bad. He becomes pure by pure deeds, bad by bad deeds."--Brhadaranyaka Upanishad.

Moksha

state of deep, dreamless sleep that comes with permanent liberation from physical incarnation

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7. Brahman, the universal soul ; karma ; samsara ; moksha

[JFIJEDJFVLKAJFAD? T___T]

8. Brahmin theories about the origins of varna distinctions reflected Aryan society about 1000 BCE.

9. Karma- if you're a good person, you'll receive good in return.

10. With the decline of Harappan society, Dravidians migrated to India and the Indus valley. When the Aryans came, they clashed and Harappan society collapsed.

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Mundaka - Brahman has no form

Rig Veda - Purusha has eyes and hands and feet (form), gods sacraficed Purusha

Both - All elements of the earth are products of Brahman and Purusha, attempts to explain how the earth was created